Basics
The History of Candle Making: From Ancient Times to Modern Trends
Feb 27, 2025
Candles have been an essential part of human history for thousands of years. From ancient civilizations using rudimentary waxes to today’s luxury, eco-friendly, and artistic candles, the craft has evolved dramatically. Candle making has transitioned from a necessity for light to a symbol of relaxation, ambiance, and self-expression. In this article, we will explore the fascinating history of candle making, how different cultures shaped their development, and the modern trends shaping the industry today.
1. Ancient Origins of Candle Making
The earliest forms of candles date back over 5,000 years, when civilizations found ways to produce light using animal fats, natural fibers, and crude waxes.
Egyptians and Romans: The First Candles
The Ancient Egyptians (3000 BCE) used rushlights—sticks soaked in animal fat—as a light source, though they lacked a true wick.
The Romans (500 BCE) are credited with developing the first true candles by dipping rolled papyrus in melted tallow (animal fat) or beeswax.
Candles were used in religious ceremonies, homes, and for military purposes.
Chinese and Indian Innovations
In Ancient China (200 BCE), early candles were made from whale fat and wax derived from insects and seeds.
In India, candles were made from cinnamon wax, a fragrant alternative to animal fats.
Japan developed candles from tree nuts, while Korea used wax from beehives.
Pro Tip: Beeswax candles were considered a luxury due to their cleaner burn and pleasant scent, making them highly valuable in many early societies.
2. The Middle Ages: The Rise of Beeswax Candles
During the Middle Ages (5th-15th century), candle making became a structured trade, and beeswax candles grew in popularity.
Tallow candles (made from animal fat) were commonly used but emitted a strong, unpleasant odor and produced excessive smoke.
Beeswax candles burned cleaner, brighter, and without a foul smell, but they were expensive and reserved for the wealthy and the church.
By the 13th century, candle-making guilds (early trade organizations) began forming across Europe, and professional chandlers (candle makers) became common.
Pro Tip: Beeswax candles were often used in cathedrals and royal households because they symbolized purity and produced little soot.
3. The 18th & 19th Centuries: The Industrial Revolution and New Materials
As society advanced, so did the materials and methods for making candles.
Whale Oil and the Birth of Spermaceti Candles
In the 1700s, sperm whales provided a new material called spermaceti, a waxy substance that created harder, brighter, and less smoky candles.
These candles were widely used in homes and businesses, as they were more affordable than beeswax.
Stearin Wax and Paraffin Wax Innovations
In the early 1800s, stearin wax was developed from animal fats, improving burn quality.
By 1850, scientists discovered how to extract paraffin wax from petroleum, making candle production cheaper and more accessible.
The invention of the light bulb (1879) led to a decline in candle use for lighting.
Pro Tip: Although paraffin candles became popular due to affordability, natural waxes like beeswax and soy are now making a comeback for their eco-friendly and non-toxic qualities.
4. The 20th Century: Candles as Decorative and Aromatic Items
With electricity becoming widespread, candles were no longer a necessity but remained a symbol of warmth, relaxation, and ambiance.
1920s-1950s: Candles were mostly used for religious and holiday traditions.
1960s-1970s: The rise of aromatherapy led to scented candles becoming popular for stress relief and meditation.
1980s-1990s: The luxury candle market emerged, with designer brands making candles a home décor staple.
2000s-Present: Candle makers shifted towards natural waxes, eco-friendly packaging, and artisanal hand-poured candles.
Pro Tip: The modern candle industry is influenced by trends in self-care, sustainability, and minimalistic aesthetics, driving the demand for high-quality handcrafted candles.
5. Modern Trends in Candle Making
Today, candle making is more diverse than ever, with new innovations and consumer preferences shaping the industry.
Key Candle Trends Today:
Eco-Friendly Materials – The shift towards soy wax, coconut wax, and beeswax due to sustainability concerns.
Wood Wicks & Crackling Candles – Wood wicks provide a unique burning experience with a soft, cozy sound.
Custom & Personalized Candles – Engraved candles, custom scents, and unique jar designs are highly popular.
Refillable & Zero-Waste Candles – Consumers love candles in reusable containers that can be refilled.
Crystals & Botanical Infusions – Candles with dried flowers, gemstones, and essential oils create a spa-like experience.
Luxury & Designer Candles – High-end candle brands focus on premium fragrances, sleek packaging, and artisanal craftsmanship.
Multi-Wick & Layered Candles – Designed for a stronger scent throw and aesthetic appeal.
Pro Tip: The biggest modern trend is the demand for handmade, natural, and ethically sourced candles, making it a great time to start a candle business.
The Evolution of Candle Making Continues
From ancient rushlights to luxury hand-poured candles, the art of candle making has continuously evolved. Whether for religious rituals, home décor, or self-care, candles remain an essential part of daily life. Understanding the history and trends of candle making can help modern candle makers create high-quality, desirable products that appeal to today’s consumers.
In my Candle Making Course, I teach everything from traditional candle-making methods to modern techniques using eco-friendly materials. I also provide a full list of trusted suppliers for high-quality wax, wicks, and fragrances at the best prices.
Want to learn the art of candle making from history to modern trends? Join my Candle-Making Course (click here) and start creating timeless, beautiful candles today!
Happy candle making!
